The Skipper Butterflies (Hesperiidae) of Trinidad. Part 11, Hesperiinae, Genera group O

Abstract

Details are given on the taxonomy, history, description, identification and biology of the Trinidad and Tobago species of genera Group O of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). This is a predominantly Neotropical group of which 12 genera and 32 species occur in Trinidad and five genera and seven species occur in Tobago. Xeniades orchamus orchamus Cramer is a new record for Trinidad. Panoquina panoquinoides Skinner occurs in distinct island races on both Trinidad and Tobago; these are described, but treated as below the subspecies level. All 32 species are illustrated as adults, and the early stages are illustrated for Nyctelius nyctelius nyctelius Latreille, Niconiades xanthaphes Hübner, Aides aegita Hewitson, Saliana antoninus Latreille, S. longirostris Sepp, S. salius Cramer, S. saladin culta Evans, Thracides cleanthes binota Evans and T. phidon Cramer.